The Changes of Peripheral Blood FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, LA Ratio in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Clinical Value of Combined Diagnosis of Thrombotic Events / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the changes of Ⅻ antithrombin (FⅫa-AT), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and lupus anticoagulant (LA) ratio in the peripheral blood factor of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the clinical value of combined diagnosis of thrombotic events.@*METHODS@#A total of 133 SLE patients treated in Xingtai People's Hospital were selected and divided into simple SLE group (105 cases) and SLE complicated with thrombosis group (28 cases) according to whether thrombotic events occurred, and 102 cases of healthy people in the same period were selected as control. The clinical data of the 3 groups, the level of peripheral blood FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, and LA ratio were compared, the relationship between each peripheral blood index and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score were analyzed. The influencing factors of thrombotic events in SLE patients were analyzed, and the value of each peripheral blood index in the diagnosis of SLE complicated with thrombotic events were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of the patients with age ≥60 year, hypertension, and smoking history in SLE complicated with thrombosis group was higher than those in simple SLE group and control group (P＜0.05). The SLEDAI score, peripheral blood FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, LA ratio levels of the patients in SLE complicated with thrombosis group were significantly higher than those in simple SLE group and control group, and the simple SLE group was significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.05). FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, LA ratio in peripheral blood of SLE patients were positively correlated with SLEDAI score (r=0.663, 0.578 and 0.625). Age, blood pressure, smoking history, peripheral blood FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, LA ratio were the important influencing factors of thrombotic events in SLE patients (P＜0.05). The AUC diagnosed by the FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, and LA ratio in peripheral blood was 0.881, the 95% CI was 0.813-0.931, the sensitivity was 82.14%, and the specificity was 91.43%, which was superior to each index alone (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Peripheral blood FⅫa-AT, TSP-1, LA ratio level changes in SLE patients are significantly related to disease activity, and the combined diagnosis of thrombotic events is more reliable.

Expression of aquaporin 8 and its relationship with melanosis coli / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The relationship between melanosis coli (MC) and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between the expression of AQP8 and the pathological mechanism of MC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of AQP8 was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 37 MC colon tissues and 13 control colon tissues. Global gene expression analysis was also used to identify differently expressed genes. Its relationship with MC was analyzed by SPSS 11.5 statistical software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of AQP8 expression detected by immunohistochemistry in the MC group was 24.3% (9/37), significantly lower than the 69.2% (9/13) in the control group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of AQP8 in MC group was 0.639 ± 0.160, lower than 0.921 ± 0.148 of controls (P < 0.05). Global gene expression analysis showed that AQP8 mRNA expression was downregulated in MC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The decreased AQP8 expression in MC patients indicates that chronic use of laxatives containing anthraquinone may cause reduced water absorption. The expression of AQP8 may be related to MC.</p>

Analysis of clinical features of concomitant vertigo in idiopathic sudden deafness / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics of concomitant vertigo in patients with sudden deafness (SD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six cases of SD were reviewed retrospectively from January 2005 to July 2009. SD and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) were diagnosed according to the guides of China Medical Association. The characteristics of vestibular function and the order of the onset of cochlear and vestibular symptoms were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all 96 cases, 23 (24.0%) cases presented with BPPV; 58 (60.4%) cases took the form of unilateral vestibular hypofunction and 15 (15.6%) cases had normal vestibular function. Time interval between cochlear and vestibular symptoms was as follows: 46 patients could tell the exact time of onset of cochlear and vestibular symptoms, of which 6 (13.0%) cases occurred simultaneously; 4 (8.7%) cases presented vertigo within 1 hour after onset of cochlear symptom hypofunction; 21 (45.7%) cases showed time interval between 1 hour and 24 hours; and 13 (28.3%) cases presented vertigo at several days (less than 10 days) after cochlear symptoms. And only in 2 (4.3%) cases did vertigo occur before cochlear symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Concomitant vertigo in idiopathic SD took the forms of normal or abnormal vestibular function, some of which were BPPV. Occurrence of vertigo was after cochlear symptoms.</p>

The possible role of Myosin light chain in myoblast proliferation

Skeletal muscles have the potential to regenerate by activation of quiescent satellite cells, however, the molecular signature that governs satellite cells during muscle regeneration is not well defined. Myosin light chains (Myls) are sarcomere-related proteins as traditional regulator of muscle contraction. In this report, we studied the possible role of Myl in the proliferation of skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts. Compared to diaphragm-derived myoblasts, the extraocular muscle-derived myoblasts with lower levels of Myl proliferated faster, maintained a longer proliferation phase, and formed more final myotubes. It was found that blockading Myl with anti-Myl antibody or knockdown of Myll by siRNA targeted against Myll could enhance the myoblast proliferation and delay the differentiation of myoblasts. Our results suggested that Myl, likely Myll, can negatively affect myoblast proliferation by facilitating myoblast withdrawal from cell cycle and differentiation.

Complications of canalith repositioning procedure for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of complications of canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in order to recognize and intervene the complication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 430 cases of BPPV were treated by CRP between Jan., 2005 and Nov., 2007. The patients with complication were retreated with CRP according to the new canals otolith falling into.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 313 patients with posterior canal BPPV, among which 5 had complications during CRP for posterior canal BPPV and 3 for horizontal canal BPPV. And 1 patient transformed from cupulolithiasis to canalithiasis during Semont CRP, which made CRP possible. Three patients had horizontal BPPV during CRP for posterior canal BPPV. Horizontal BPPV emerged during CRP for anterior canal BPPV in 1 patient. CRP for the posterior BPPV had more patients with complication than that of CRP for the anterior BPPV, but the percentage was on the contrary, and they were 1.9% (8/313) and 28.6% (2/7) respectively. The rate of complication during CRP was 3.3% (14/430) and all of them recovered well with CRP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are possibility for canal otolith transferred from one canal to another. Careful observation of nystagmus and reevaluation of the patients with BPPV in case of unsuccessful treatments are crucial to determine the complications.</p>

Visual evoked potentials in adults with migrainous vertigo / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the visual evoked potentials in adults with migrainous vertigo (MV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 113 patients with MV were enrolled from vertigo clinic. Patients received necessary laboratory examinations as well as pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Definite MV accounted for 46.9% (53/113) and probable MV accounted for 53.1% (60/113). Among 74 patients who received PVEP, the results were normal in 35 patients (47.3%) and abnormal in 39 patients (52.7%). The abnormal manifestations included lowered N75-P100 amplitude, elongated latency of P100, and lowered N75-P100 amplitude combined with delayed latency of P100. Seven patients with MV had unilateral lowered N75-P100 amplitude and 4 had bilateral abnormal amplitude. Nine patients had unilateral delayed latency of P100 and 11 had bilateral abnormal latency. Four patients had unilateral and 4 had bilateral abnormal N75-P100 amplitude and latency of P100.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MV patients usually have abnormal PVEP. PVEP may become a useful electrophysiological test in the diagnosis of MV.</p>

Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo related to inner ear disorders / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) and to further understand the possible mechanism of BPPV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To observe the incidence of BPPV among vestibular neuritis, sudden deafness, Meniere's disease and Bell's palsy at vertigo clinic from January at 2004 to November at 2006 and to compare the therapeutic results with that of the primary BPPV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There are 4 types of inner ear disorders involved in the concomitant BPPV, ie, vestibular neuritis, sudden deafness, Meniere's disease and Bell's palsy and the incidence are 9.5% (5/53), 38.9% (35/90) and 0.3% (1/381) respectively; and there was 1 case of BPPV concomitant to Bell's palsy. Among the 42 concomitant BPPV, 5 cases were horizontal canal BPPV, 37 cases were posterior canal BPPV, and 1 cases had complicated anterior BPPV during repositioning maneuver. 39 cases of concomitant BPPV were canalithiasis and 3 cases were cupuliothiathitis, of which 75% (27/36) of concomitant BPPV emerged within 1/2 years after the onset of primary inner ear disorders. The therapeutic efficacy of the concomitant BPPV with canalith repositioning was similar to that of the primary type of BPPV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Following some inner ear disorder, BPPV could emerge, such as sudden deafness, vestibular neuritis and Meniere's disease. The most common type of BPPV was canalithiasis of posterior canal, and the cupulolithiasis of horizontal canal was uncommon. The anterior canal therapeutic efficacy of the concomitant BPPV with canalith repositioning was similar to that of the primary type of BPPV. The therapeutic efficacy of the concomitant BPPV with canalith repositioning was similar to that of the primary type of BPPV.</p>

Audio-vestibular function in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the audio-vestibular function and the possible mechanism of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and to raise the therapeutic strategy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with BPPV were tested with pure tone audiometry, high frequency ABR audiometry, bithermal caloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potential test (VEMP). The positive rate of these otologic function test were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Primary BPPV comprised 82 percent (70/86) of patients with BPPV. Among all of the patients, the results of pure tone audiometry were abnormal in 52 percent (45/86) of the cases. High frequency auditory brainstem response (ABR) was abnormal in 60 percent (30/50) of cases. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) was abnormal in 34 percent (11/32) of cases who had this examination. And bithermal caloric test were abnormal in 28 percent (20/72) of cases. In the abnormal cases, 67 percent (12/18) of cases were ipsilateral with BPPV. The majority of the BPPV with abnormal results of bithermal caloric test (89%, 16/18) belong to posterior semicircular canal BPPV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of primary BPPV was higher than that of secondary BPPV. The abnormality in superior labyrinth was much more correlated with the occurrence of BPPV. The inner ear ischemia might be a factor in the morbidity of BPPV, especially for the primary BPPV.</p>

Neurootological manifestation of migrainous vertigo / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyzed the characteristics of migrainous vertigo (MV), a kind of paroxysmal vertigo, in order to demonstrate the extent of damage and dysfunction in MV and to judge whether MV is peripheral or central vertigo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two cases of acute (5 cases) or subacute (17 cases) MV were examined with oto-neurological tests, spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus and auditory tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 6 males and 16 females. Among those patients, 15 had migraine, 17 motion sickness, 15 family history of migraine or motion sickness, 1 visual aura, 7 motion intolerance (vertigo from head movement and body movement), 4 photophobia, 6 phonophobia and 5 vertigo from insomnia and emotion. There were likely to have vertigo in menstrual period in 2 cases. The duration of vertigo lasted from minutes to days. For pure-tone audiometric, 9 were normal which from mild to moderate hearing loss. Three cases had abnormal high frequency ABR bilaterally and 10 abnormal unilaterally. Subjective visual vertical were normal in all of the cases. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were abnormal in 14 cases (13 had low amplitude and 1 had longer latency of P13 wave). Bithermal caloric test was abnormal in 3 cases and 11 had abnormal ocular movement (9 with low gain of optokinetic nystagmus, 1 with overshoot in saccade and 1 with vertical nystagmus after head shaking), in which 10 had abnormal high frequency ABR and 1 was normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MV could be peripheral or central vertigo and MV should be included in the differentiation of peripheral and central vertigo.</p>

Clinical significance of vibration-induced nystagmus in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the clinical significance of vibration-induced nystagmus (VIN) and to calculate the sensitivity and the specificity of the vibration test.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twelve patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders and 30 normal subjects were enrolled into this study. However, patients with spontaneous nystagmus were excluded. Vibratory stimuli (approximately 92Hz) were presented to the mastoids and the forehead. Patients and normal subjects also underwent head shaking testing and caloric testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 112 patients, 91 (81%) showed VIN which were mainly horizontal. VIN was more frequently evoked on the mastoids than on the forehead. In the majority of patients (76 cases), the direction of VIN was toward the healthy side, whereas patients with Meniere's disease (15 cases), showed nystagmus toward the affected side. None of 30 normal subjects showed VIN. Whereas, HSN was found in 70 (63%) patients and 9 (30%) in normal subjects. Of 112 patients, 10 showed a canal paresis (CP) value of caloric test less than 25% ,while 32 with a CP value between 25% and 40%, 48 with a CP value between 40% and 70%, and 22 with a CP value more than 70%. It is notable that with increasing canal paresis value on caloric testing, VIN was more likely to be evoked.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VIN testing is a simple, non-invasive and well-tolerated clinical test that indicates unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. VIN testing had greater sensitivity and the specificity than HSN testing in the diagnosis of unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders.</p>

Relationship between the external aperture and hearing loss in large vestibular aqueduct syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) is a major cause of hearing loss in childhood. This study aimed at measuring external aperture of enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and analyzing relationship between the size of external aperture and hearing loss.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diagnostic criteria of LVAS were based on hearing loss and CT images. CT images of temporal bone of 100 LVAS patients were collected and 60 control subjects were reviewed retrospectively in the past 10 years. A battery of audiometric and vestibular function tests were performed. The width of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) was measured on axial CT images of the temporal bone.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred patients (65 men, 35 women) were diagnosed as having the isolated EVA. Hearing loss mostly occurred in early childhood. The diagnosis age of LVAS was 7.7 years on average. The causes of hearing loss could not be confirmed by initial consult. Typically, audiometric curve is the high-frequency down-sloping configuration. 92% of the cases had severe or profound sonsorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The mean size of the external aperture was (7.5 +/- 1.2) mm in present LVAS. Statistical analysis showed that the degree of hearing loss is unrelated to the width of VA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LVAS is a distinct clinical entity characterized by fluctuating, progressive SNHL. The degree of hearing loss is unrelated to the size of external aperture of VA. The protective management and hearing aid have become the main therapies. The cochlear implantation might be performed if the hearing loss affected learning at school.</p>

Current understanding of dystrophin-related muscular dystrophy and therapeutic challenges ahead / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the recent research progress in dystrophin-related muscular dystrophy includes X-linked hereditary Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD).</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Information included in this article was identified by searches of PUBMED and other online resources using the key terms DMD, dystrophin, mutations, animal models, pathophysiology, gene expression, stem cells, gene therapy, cell therapy, and pharmacological. Study selection Mainly original milestone articles and timely reviews written by major pioneer investigators of the field were selected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The key issues related to the genetic basis and pathophysiological factors of the diseases were critically addressed. The availabilities and advantages of various animal models for the diseases were described. Major molecular and cellular therapeutic approaches were also discussed, many of which have indeed exhibited some success in pre-clinical studies but at the same time encountered a number of technical hurdles, including the efficient and systemic delivery of a functional gene and myogenic precursor/stem cells to repair genetic defects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Further understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms at molecular levels and regenerative properties of myogenic precursor/stem cells will promote the development of multiple therapeutic strategies. The combined use of multiple strategies may represent the major challenge as well as the greatest hope for the therapy of these diseases in coming years.</p>

Cross-check of caloric test and head shaking nystagmus / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the manifestation of head shaking nystagmus (HSN) and the relationship between HSN and vestibular bithermal test while cross-checking the HSN and vestibular bithermal test.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-four patients were examined by HSN and vestibular bithermal test. The latency and duration of HSN were observed and the dynamic changes of HSN were also investigated. The results of bithermal test were clarified by the values of canal paresis (CP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 3 types of HSN, including 41 monophasic HSN, 11 biphasic HSN and 7 perverted HSN. The latency of monophasic HSN was (2.75 +/- 1.41) ms and the duration of it was (32.16 +/- 20.30) ms; as for the biphasic HSN, the first phase had no latency and the duration was (12.33 +/- 4.42) ms which was shorter than that of the second phase (57.00 +/- 17.19) ms (P < 0.01) and the latency of second phase was (57.00 +/- 17.19) ms. The value of canal paresis in the patients without HSN was lower than that in the patients with HSN.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The existence of HSN was dependent on the loss of the function horizontal canal and also on the stage of vestibular compensation. The variation of duration of HSN among individuals was great. In the acute stage of unilateral vestibular function loss, there appeared to be prominent HSN, and the direction of HSN is the same as that of spontaneous nystagmus. With the development of vestibular compensation, biphasic nystagmus would appear instead of monophasic HSN and the direction of first phase represent the direction of un-lesioned side. After compensation, HSN would not be elicited. However,when HSN existed, it suggested that the value of CP should exceed 25%. Perverted nystagmus pointed to central abnormality.</p>

Projections from respiratory neurons of medulla oblongata to the motor neuron pool of phrenic nerve in rat:An HRP retrograde tracing study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the projections from respiratory neurons of medulla oblongata to the motor neuron pool of phrenic nerve in rat. MethodsBy using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique after injecting HRP into phrenic nerve, retrograde labelled neurons were found in C3-C5 segment. Then, HRP was injected into the area where the phrenic motor neurons occupied, retrograde labelled neurons were found in medulla oblongata. ResultsPhrenic motor neurons locate in the C3-C5 segment ipsilaterally, occuping the intermediate portion of anterior horn and appearing typical motor neurons. Retrograde labelled neurons were found bilaterally in medulla oblongata, the neurons were located in nucleus retroambigualis (RNA), ventramedial area to nucleus retrofacialis (NRF). ConclusionThe phrenic motor neurons may receive direct projection of respiratory neuron in medulla oblongata, the projecting neurons are distributed in RNA and NRF area.

Establishment of a human cervical carcinoma cell line HCC-0214 and its biological characteristics / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a strain of human cervical carcinoma cell line and to provide a cervical carcinoma animal model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cervical carcinoma specimens incised aseptically were cultured in vitro by tissue culture methods, giving a tumor cell growth curve. Morphology of the cells was observed, with cell cycling analysis and chromosome analysis performed. The tumor markers (ER, PR, Keratine, PCNA) expressions of the cell line were detected by immuno-cytochemical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A human cervical carcinoma cell line HCC-0214 (H) has been obtained by in vitro tissue culture methods. The cells have been maintained for 16 months through 131 passages, showing a stable growth with a population doubling time of 35.48 h and a tendency to pile up without contact inhibition. The ultrastructure showed typical desmosomes and numerous tonofilaments. Chromosome analysis revealed the number of chromosomes per cell varied from 35-156 with a stem-line number of 58-80 (64.8%). The morphology of chromosomes showed human tumor cell structure. The tumor markers (ER, PR, Keratine, PCNA) of the cells showed a high expression. The DNA index was 1.931 by flow cytometry (FCM). The histopathology of the transplanted tumors in nude mice was the same as the original tumor, though with none successful by serum culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A human cervical carcinoma cell line HCC-0214 established by tissue culture is identical to the primary cancer cell in biological characters. After the cells have been passaged for more than 16 months continually, their characteristics are still retained. Therefore, HCC-0214 may be used as a stable cell line.</p>